Rouge (cosmetics)
Rouge ( ; meaning "red" in French), also called blush or blusher, is a cosmetic for coloring the cheeks in a variety of shades, or the lips red. It is applied as a powder, cream or liquid.
History
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The Ancient Egyptians were known for their creation of cosmetics, particularly their use of rouge.[1] Ancient Egyptian pictographs show men and women wearing lip and cheek rouge. They blended fat with red ochre to create a stain that was red in color.[2]
Greek men and women eventually mimicked the look, using crushed mulberries, red beet juice, crushed strawberries, or red amaranth to create a paste. Those who wore makeup were viewed as wealthy and it symbolized status because cosmetics were costly.[3]
In China, Rouge was used as early as the Shang Dynasty. It was made from the extracted juice of leaves from red and blue flowers. Some people added bovine pulp and pig pancreas to make the product denser. Women would wear the heavy rouge on their cheeks and lips. In Chinese culture, red symbolizes good luck and happiness to those who wear the color. [1]
In Ancient Rome, men and women would create rouge using lead(II,IV) (red lead) and cinnabar. The mixture was found to have caused cancer, dementia, and eventually death.[4] Other sources for rouge (raw materials) included malachite and antimony[5]
In the 16th century in Europe, women and men would use white powder to lighten their faces.[6] Commonly women would add heavy rouge to their cheeks in addition.
Studies have strived to research other reasons as to why individuals choose to color their faces in a red tint and what blushing may also signify to others. Blushing, the body's natural reaction to feelings of shame/embarrassment/guilt is often followed with a reddish coloring on one's cheeks on individuals whose bodies react as such. This reaction can be associated with different moral and human tendencies such as pro sociality and commitment to social relationships. Emotions are involuntary and instantaneous reactions, and because of this are pretty reliable. Knowing this researchers have used social emotions to understand how humans signal prosocial intentions. Embarrassment which is often accompanied by the reddening of the face can now be seen as an indicator of one's prosocial behavior.[7]
Contemporary
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Modern rouge generally consists of a red-colored talcum-based powder that is applied with a brush to the cheeks to accentuate the bone structure. The coloring is usually either the petals of safflower, or a solution of carmine in ammonium hydroxide and rosewater perfumed with rose oil. A cream-based variant of rouge is schnouda, a colorless mixture of Alloxan with cold cream, which also colors the skin red.
Today, rouge is a term used to primarily identify blush of any color, including: brown, pink, red, and orange. Modern blush is offered in both a pressed or loose powder, a cream consistency similar to lipstick, or a liquid form. It is not commonly used to identify lipstick, however, some may use the term to refer to the red color of the product.
When the fashion trend of matching lipsticks with nail polish took hold and the color range of lipstick increased, people no longer used the term to identify lip color. The shade range for blush generally remained limited, keeping the name rouge.[8]
Blush is made in the form of a cream, liquid, powder, or gel.[9]
References
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Between TikTok makeup trends, formula innovations and the abundance of creativity and talent in the makeup industry, it seems that new makeup terms are constantly arising. And if you’re a beauty enthusiast or an aspiring beauty expert, then being well-versed in these terms is likely on your to-do list.
However, we recognize that it can be difficult to differentiate — let alone remember — all of the many makeup terms. So we’re sharing 21 makeup words and phrases to keep stowed in your mental beauty encyclopedia.
1. Contouring
Contouring involves using makeup to create the illusion of sculpted, defined or altered facial features. It’s often used to fake the appearance of more defined cheekbones or a slimmer nose by placing contrasting dark and light makeup in key areas.
2. Highlighting
Highlighting is a makeup technique that works to draw light to your face to help accentuate your features and illuminate your complexion. A light or shimmering powder, cream or liquid product, like the L’Oréal Paris True Match Lumi Glotion Natural Glow Enhancer, is applied to the bridge of the nose, cupid’s bow, the inner eye corners, and on the top of the cheekbones.
3. Baking
Baking has nothing to do with sweet treats — not in this case anyways. Baking is actually the process of applying a semi-thick layer of translucent face powder to your skin using a makeup sponge to set the foundation or concealer underneath. The powder is left on for a few minutes before being brushed away to reveal a smooth, matte finish. Give it a try with the L’Oréal Paris Infallible Pro-Sweep & Lock Loose Setting Face Powder.
4. Kabuki Brush
A kabuki brush is a dense makeup brush used to apply loose powders. The name comes from the Japanese kabuki theater. It usually has a short stem and is most often used to apply foundation, blush, bronzer, and setting powder. The large surface area makes it efficient for setting the face quickly.
5. Stippling Brush
A stippling brush is a makeup brush that works small dots of liquid and cream products onto your skin to achieve an airbrushed effect. It typically features two sets of bristles, white fibers at the top and dense black fibers at the bottom that work to build coverage and blur harsh lines. This brush is often used to apply foundation, cream blush, and bronzer.
6. Makeup Blender
A makeup blender is a sponge, like the L’Oréal Paris Infallible Blend Artist Foundation Blender, that is dampened and used to blend out liquid and cream products. It’s great for people who are heavy handed because it soaks up excess makeup as it blends.
7. Overlining
Overlining your lips means drawing outside of your natural lip line to make your lips appear fuller. Even going just a hair past your lip line will make your lips look fuller — there’s no need to completely draw on a new pair of lips. Try it out by using the L’Oréal Paris Colour Riche Lip Liner in a shade that closely matches your natural lip color.
8. Cut Crease
A cut crease is an eyeshadow technique where a lighter eyeshadow is packed onto the eyelid below the crease, and a deeper color is worked into the crease precisely to create a rounded,
more defined eye crease.
9. Halo Eye
A halo eye is an eyeshadow technique that features a pop of shimmery color on the center of the lid with darker eyeshadow that radiates outward. This creates the illusion of bigger and rounder eyes.